列出表

在本教程中,您将学习如何使用MySQL SHOW TABLES命令查询特定数据库中的表。

要在MySQL数据库中列出所有表,请按照下列步骤操作:

  1. 使用MySQL客户端(如mysql)登录到MySQL数据库服务器

  2. 使用USE语句切换到特定的数据库。

  3. 使用SHOW TABLES命令。

下面说明了MySQL SHOW TABLES命令的语法:

SHOW TABLES;

MySQL SHOW TABLES示例

以下示例说明如何列出yiibaidb数据库中的所有表。

步骤1 - 连接到MySQL数据库服务器:

C:\Users\Administrator>mysql -u root -p

步骤2 -切换到yiibaidb数据库:

mysql> USE yiibaidb;
Database changed

步骤3 - 显示yiibaidb数据库中的所有表:

mysql> show tables;
+--------------------+
| Tables_in_yiibaidb |
+--------------------+
| aboveavgproducts   |
| article_tags       |
| bigsalesorder      |
| contacts           |
| customerorders     |
| customers          |
| departments        |
| employees          |
| employees_audit    |
| officeinfo         |
| offices            |
| offices_bk         |
| offices_usa        |
| orderdetails       |
| orders             |
| organization       |
| payments           |
| price_logs         |
| productlines       |
| products           |
| saleperorder       |
| user_change_logs   |
| v_contacts         |
| vps                |
+--------------------+
24 rows in set

SHOW TABLES命令可显示表是基表还是视图。 要在结果中包含表类型,请使用SHOW TABLES语句,如下所示 -

SHOW FULL TABLES;

执行上面语句,如下所示 -

mysql> SHOW FULL TABLES;
+--------------------+------------+
| Tables_in_yiibaidb | Table_type |
+--------------------+------------+
| aboveavgproducts   | VIEW       |
| article_tags       | BASE TABLE |
| bigsalesorder      | VIEW       |
| contacts           | BASE TABLE |
| customerorders     | VIEW       |
| customers          | BASE TABLE |
| departments        | BASE TABLE |
| employees          | BASE TABLE |
| employees_audit    | BASE TABLE |
| officeinfo         | VIEW       |
| offices            | BASE TABLE |
| offices_bk         | BASE TABLE |
| offices_usa        | BASE TABLE |
| orderdetails       | BASE TABLE |
| orders             | BASE TABLE |
| organization       | VIEW       |
| payments           | BASE TABLE |
| price_logs         | BASE TABLE |
| productlines       | BASE TABLE |
| products           | BASE TABLE |
| saleperorder       | VIEW       |
| user_change_logs   | BASE TABLE |
| v_contacts         | VIEW       |
| vps                | VIEW       |
+--------------------+------------+
24 rows in set

我们在yiibaidb数据库中创建一个名为view_contacts的视图,其中包括来自employeescustomers表的名字,姓氏和电话。

CREATE VIEW view_contacts 
AS 
SELECT lastName, firstName, extension as phone 
FROM employees 
UNION
SELECT contactFirstName, contactLastName, phone 
FROM customers;

现在,执行查询SHOW FULL TABLES命令:

mysql> SHOW FULL TABLES;
+--------------------+------------+
| Tables_in_yiibaidb | Table_type |
+--------------------+------------+
| aboveavgproducts   | VIEW       |
| article_tags       | BASE TABLE |
| bigsalesorder      | VIEW       |
| contacts           | BASE TABLE |
| customerorders     | VIEW       |
| customers          | BASE TABLE |
| departments        | BASE TABLE |
| employees          | BASE TABLE |
| employees_audit    | BASE TABLE |
| officeinfo         | VIEW       |
| offices            | BASE TABLE |
| offices_bk         | BASE TABLE |
| offices_usa        | BASE TABLE |
| orderdetails       | BASE TABLE |
| orders             | BASE TABLE |
| organization       | VIEW       |
| payments           | BASE TABLE |
| price_logs         | BASE TABLE |
| productlines       | BASE TABLE |
| products           | BASE TABLE |
| saleperorder       | VIEW       |
| user_change_logs   | BASE TABLE |
| v_contacts         | VIEW       |
| view_contacts      | VIEW       |
| vps                | VIEW       |
+--------------------+------------+
25 rows in set

您可以看到,v_contacts,view_contacts,vps等是视图(VIEW),而其它表则都是基表(BASE TABLE)。

对于具有很多表的数据库,一次显示所有表可能不免直观。

幸运的是,SHOW TABLES命令提供了一个选项,允许使用LIKE运算符或WHERE子句中的表达式对返回的表进行过滤,如下所示:

SHOW TABLES LIKE pattern;

SHOW TABLES WHERE expression;

例如,要显示yiibaidb数据库中以字母p开头的所有表,请使用以下语句:

mysql> SHOW TABLES LIKE 'p%';
+-------------------------+
| Tables_in_yiibaidb (p%) |
+-------------------------+
| payments                |
| price_logs              |
| productlines            |
| products                |
+-------------------------+
4 rows in set

或者显示以’es‘字符串结尾的表,可使用以下语句:

mysql> SHOW TABLES LIKE '%es';
+--------------------------+
| Tables_in_yiibaidb (%es) |
+--------------------------+
| employees                |
| offices                  |
| productlines             |
+--------------------------+
3 rows in set

以下语句说明了如何在SHOW TABLES语句中使用WHERE子句列出yiibai数据库中的所有视图 -

mysql> SHOW FULL TABLES WHERE table_type = 'VIEW';
+--------------------+------------+
| Tables_in_yiibaidb | Table_type |
+--------------------+------------+
| aboveavgproducts   | VIEW       |
| bigsalesorder      | VIEW       |
| customerorders     | VIEW       |
| officeinfo         | VIEW       |
| organization       | VIEW       |
| saleperorder       | VIEW       |
| v_contacts         | VIEW       |
| view_contacts      | VIEW       |
| vps                | VIEW       |
+--------------------+------------+
9 rows in set

有时,希望看到非当前使用的数据库中的表。可以使用SHOW TABLES语句的FROM子句来指定要显示表的数据库。

以下示例演示如何显示以’time‘开头的表;

mysql> SHOW TABLES FROM mysql LIKE 'time%';
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql (time%)   |
+---------------------------+
| time_zone                 |
| time_zone_leap_second     |
| time_zone_name            |
| time_zone_transition      |
| time_zone_transition_type |
+---------------------------+
5 rows in set

以下语句相当于上面的语句,但它使用IN而不是FROM子句,如下所示 -

mysql> SHOW TABLES IN mysql LIKE 'time%';
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql (time%)   |
+---------------------------+
| time_zone                 |
| time_zone_leap_second     |
| time_zone_name            |
| time_zone_transition      |
| time_zone_transition_type |
+---------------------------+
5 rows in set

请注意,如果您没有基表或视图的权限,则它不会显示在SHOW TABLES命令的结果集中。

在本教程中,您已经学习了如何使用MySQL SHOW TABLES语句列出指定数据库中的所有表。

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